The answer to that question is not as clear. The Apostles saw themselves as a Jewish Sect until the Gentiles were accepted into the church (Acts 11:18), and even then, they viewed Gentile believers as proselytes, that is, needing to submit to the Jewish ritual of circumcision (Acts 11:18 - 15:24). It was clear, from that time on, that Christianity was no longer merely another Jewish Sect. In fact, by the end of the Book of Acts, the vast majority of converts to Christianity were Gentiles (Acts 28:16-31).
So, what were believers known as in the beginnings of the Church? I do not want to be dogmatic about this, but I believe they were known as "the people of the way." Saul of Tarsus sought letters of authority to persecute followers of Christ; Acts 9:1-2 states:
"And Saul, yet breathing out threatenings and slaughter against the disciples of the Lord, went unto the high priest, and desired of him letters to Damascus to the synagogues, that if he found any of this way, whether they were men or women, he might bring them bound unto Jerusalem."
This is probably because the disciples were told that Jesus had His own way (Jn. 8:21; 16:5; etc.), and if they were going to be His followers, they would be the people of His way. Jesus also told them:
"And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again, and receive you unto Myself; that where I am, there ye may be also. And whither I go ye know, and the way ye know. Thomas saith unto Him, Lord, we know not whither thou goest; and how can we know the way? Jesus saith unto him, I am The Way, The Truth, and The Life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by Me" (Jn. 14:3-6).
Jesus is "The Narrow Way" (Mt. 7:14)! Jesus is "The Way of Righteousness" (Mt. 21:32)! Jesus is "The Way of God" (Mt. 22:16)! Following Him is an act of both obedience and worship!
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